Konstantin mereschkowski biography samples

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The Origin of Eukaryotes: Where Science and Pop Culture Collide

How did eukaryotic life evolve? Here, one of the most controversial and puzzling questions in evolutionary history meets Star Wars and the Marvel Universe.

Figure 1. A eukaryotic cell contains membrane bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondrion.Source.

How did eukaryotic life evolve? This is one of the most controversial and puzzling questions in evolutionary history. Life began as single-celled, independent organisms that evolved into cells containing membrane-bound, specialized structures known as organelles (Figure 1). What’s clear is that this new type of cell, the eukaryote, is more complex than its predecessors. What’s unclear is how these changes took place.

In , the Russian botanist Konstantin Mereschkowski first proposed symbiogenesis, or endosymbiotic theory. This theory states that organelles, which distinguish eukaryotes from prokaryotes, emerged though a mutually

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The symbiosis that changed the world

All cellular life on Earth can be classified into one of the three domains: bacteria, archaea or eukaryotes. Whereas cells of bacteria and archaea are small and simple, those of eukaryotes are generally bigger and complex, containing a nucleus that encompasses DNA, and other subcellular compartments, referred to as organelles. 

There is evidence that eukaryotic cells arose during evolution from a merger of less complex cells, through a process called endosymbiosis. Recent findings have provided exciting insights into the main players in this enigmatic symbiosis that was responsible for the emergence of all complex life forms on our planet.

A eukaryotic potpourri

Bacteria and archaea are known collectively as ‘prokaryotes’ (from the Greek: pro = before, karyon = nucleus), as their genetic material is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane. In addition, prokaryotic cells are generally ‘simple’: they are small, singl